Public Comments

This bill is idiotic.  I’m 1000% more concerned that the school provide an actual education.  Wv ranks where in education?  🙄

1. This bill is terrible for WV and local communities. Do not continue with this bill!

1. Specifying attached support rooms (sensory rooms, break rooms, focus rooms, etc) be included in the code.

1. Requiring county boards to maintaining video/audio footage for two years. The cost of upgrading existing systems is an undue expense on LEAs without a fiscal note to support this change in Code.
2. Requiring new audio devices for staff while changing a student in an unattached restroom. The initial cost for any classroom staff to be equipped with a new, portable audio device and storage of additional audio files for at least 365 years is another undue burden on counties. NOTE: IDEA (federal funds) cannot be spent on any of these anticipated costs. It is not an allowable cost.

1. What if a staff member refuses to wear a portable audio device? I anticipate many refusing or filing a grievance, creating additional stress and costs on an LEA.
2. What if there are general education students in the unattached restroom? Do their parents have any rights to refuse their child to be recorded on an audio device? We have many changing areas within the girls/boys restrooms in the schools. What legal protections/guidance can be provided to counties to avoid additional grievances and parental complaints?

1. Requiring 15 minutes of audio/video review every SEVEN days (instead of 90). Some schools in Kanawha County have four self contained classrooms with attached restroom and a sensory area. This would require two hours and 15 minutes a week (for ONE school) of just listening/reviewing audio and video files, including the documentation. KCS has over 50 schools.  While I understand the intent for increased protection of our students, this is an unrealistic, legal burden to place on LEA/school staff. I would recommend considering 60 calendar days, instead of 90 days.
2. Allowing parents to retain video footage for 60 days past the statute of limitations. Parents or guardians are permitted to view the footage at anytime, multiple times, with any legal representative. Allowing copies of the footage would not only infringe on other students/staff confidentiality that may also be on the footage, it is not going to increase any protection of our vulnerable students. It will only create additional sharing of inaccurate information over social media platforms in which LEAs have no control of the dialogue or false statements made in response.
3. Allowing parents/guardians to view footage outside of an alleged incident with no legal definition of a "reasonable request".  LEAs have a solid process of any parental/guardian concern to be screened and reported. Student confidentiality MUST be maintained and this would allow parents/guardians to view footage that would not involve their own child, a clear violation of FERPA and student confidentiality.

This is America. This is WV. It's not the job of the government to limit our exchange of precious metals.

It's not a perfect bill because it requires notary and it doesn't include philosophical exemption. Vaccine mandates shouldn't even exist. Look to Florida for an example on how to handle these idiotic mandates.

• “The term separation of church and state came from one letter by Thomas Jefferson to a congregation.” “The first amendment was to keep the government out of religion, not religion from government.” “The establishment clause was to keep from establishing a National Religion.” “States established their own religions prior to the constitution.” “Separation of church and state is a myth.”
  1. This is incorrect in many ways. Both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison both made countless statements about the need to keep the two entities separate. Whether using this term in full or not, the intent is clear
     1. Thomas Jefferson: “[E]very one must act according to the dictates of his own reason, and mine tells me that civil powers alone have been given to the President of the U.S. and no authority to direct the religious exercises of his constituents.” To Rev. Samuel Miller, January 23, 1808
     2. Thomas Jefferson: “Our civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions…therefore the proscribing any citizen as unworthy the public confidence by laying upon him an incapacity of being called to the offices of trust and emolument, unless he profess or renounce this or that religious opinion, is depriving him injuriously of those privileges and advantages to which in common with his fellow citizens he has a natural right” -“Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom” 1786

• Thomas Jefferson: “…yet chose not to propagate it by coercions on either, as it was in his Almighty power to do; that the impious presumption of legislators and rulers, civil as well as ecclesiastical, who being themselves but fallible and uninspired men, have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as such endeavouring to impose them on others, hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world, and through all time; that to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves, is sinful and tyrannical…” – “Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom” 1786

1. Thomas Jefferson: “As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion” – Treaty of Tripoli Article 11 1797
2. James Madison: “[T]he number, the industry, and the morality of the Priesthood, & the devotion of the people have been manifestly increased by the total separation of the Church from the State." - Letter to Robert Walsh, March 2, 1819
3. James Madison: “The members of a Govt as such can in no sense, be regarded as possessing an advisory trust from their Constituents in their religious capacities.” – Journal Entry

• Thomas Jefferson wrote the “Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom” that formally severed ties between the state government of Virginia and the Church of England.
• James Madison wrote “Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments” in 1785, before he wrote the First Amendment, where he wrote in opposition to a proposal by Patrick Henry that all Virginians be taxed to support “teachers of the Christian religion.” To this day it is one of the most detailed writings against the government establishing of a state sponsored religion.

1. Thomas Jeferson and the infamous letter to Danbury Baptist: “...I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should ‘make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,’ thus building a wall of separation between Church & State" - Letter to Danbury Baptists Association 1802
   1. This has been used time and time again to express and confirm this founding father’s position on the Establishment Clause and the Free-Exercise Clause.
   2. This is the one many pastors and political leaders have been quoting saying that this is the origin of this concept of “separation of church and state.” However, it is not the first instance nor is it the only instance that this concept is discussed by our constitutional framers and founders.
2. There are more quotes from these two below in the link I provided as-well-as being easy to find online and other sources.

1. These men didn’t even believe that government should make any form of religious proclamations as well, like calling for national prayer. It could not be more clear.
2. States that had established, state sponsored religions slowly phased this out after adopting the United States Constitution, the last being Massachusetts in 1833.
3. What many historians gather from these men is that they believed that for Religion and Government to both flourish, they must do so on their own. That religion is best suited without government influence, and that government is best suited without religious influence. Religion does inform us, but it should not dictate.

• “The bible is the main inspiration of our founding documents.”
  1. This is not true, while the Bible informed many of our founding fathers in their basis of morality, they sought many secular sources to inform how they wanted our nation to be setup from our founding documents. Including: the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, English Common Law (stemming from Anglo-Saxon principles and ideas that predate Christianized Anglo-Saxon Groups).
  2. The First Amendment, penned by James Madison took inspiration from Thomas Jefferson’s “Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom” which was penned to end the state of Virginia’s state sponsored religious ties to the Church of England, in 1786. It established that no individual could be forced to attend or support any religious institution or suffer penalties for their beliefs. This is a clear indication to Thomas Jefferson’s intent to keep states themselves from establishing a religion within their own state.
• “The ten commandments informed our Bill of Rights and is as foundational as the constitution.” “The Ten Commandments influenced our laws.”
  1. The only similarity here is that there are ten amendments within the Bill of Rights and ten commandments. There is no historic proof that there is any inter-relation there. Just look at them in order and read. “Thou shalt have no other g*ds before me, does not inspire the Establishment or Free Exercise Clause, they are antithetical.
  2. The only commandments we see that are similar to laws that we have are to not kill or steal. There are no laws against children talking back to their parents, being jealous of your neighbors, lying (under most circumstances), or adultery (those phased out). To not kill and to not steal are two very common moral standings of most cultures – regardless of religion.
• “The Bible is the foundation of Western Civilization.”
  1. Rome was founded in 753 B.C. Western civilization was well established before the Christian Bible as we know it was formed in the 5^th Century AD. There were groups and civilizations where influences are still seen today that were not Christianized until much later.
• “The Aitken Bible teaches us a lot about the history of our nation and events during the Revolutionary War.”
  1. The website for The First American Bible, the group that will be providing these $200 Bibles, paid for by donations to them, offers only one lesson plan. That lesson plan is divided into three topics, and only one discusses the Aitken Bible.
  2. The Aitken Bible only has a few paragraphs discussing these events and how it came to be.
  3. The Aitken Bible lost money during production and Congress did not seek to fund it, few copies were made because it was not being purchased.
  4. Senator Bartlett claimed that it could teach students about printing methods at the time, the edition being given is not a replica. It is printed using modern production techniques.
• “This is for educational purposes only, not religious.”
  1. Opinion/Observation: if it was for educational purposes, why are we not also championing the supply of our foundational documents to the same classrooms? The organization behind the bibles “First American Bible” only supply one lesson plan on this specific Bible, yet it cost $200 for one lesson? The notion appears, to me, to be to slowly introduce religion in the classroom and into state government. Going against the very wishes of the men who originated our Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Senator Grady went on to list content standards on the Revolutionary period, including “contributions by western Virginia” to demonstrate how this specific bible could be used to align with state standards. The Bible wasn’t even printed in western Virginia, most of the content standards she listed would apply very loosely.
  2. It is the 250^th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, why are these same lawmakers not trying to make, at least, this document available to teachers to use as supplement and a physical representation of the very document that made us the country that we are today?

• “The term separation of church and state came from one letter by Thomas Jefferson to a congregation.” “The first amendment was to keep the government out of religion, not religion from government.” “The establishment clause was to keep from establishing a National Religion.” “States established their own religions prior to the constitution.” “Separation of church and state is a myth.”
  1. This is incorrect in many ways. Both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison both made countless statements about the need to keep the two entities separate. Whether using this term in full or not, the intent is clear
     1. Thomas Jefferson: “[E]very one must act according to the dictates of his own reason, and mine tells me that civil powers alone have been given to the President of the U.S. and no authority to direct the religious exercises of his constituents.” To Rev. Samuel Miller, January 23, 1808
     2. Thomas Jefferson: “Our civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions…therefore the proscribing any citizen as unworthy the public confidence by laying upon him an incapacity of being called to the offices of trust and emolument, unless he profess or renounce this or that religious opinion, is depriving him injuriously of those privileges and advantages to which in common with his fellow citizens he has a natural right” -“Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom” 1786

• Thomas Jefferson: “…yet chose not to propagate it by coercions on either, as it was in his Almighty power to do; that the impious presumption of legislators and rulers, civil as well as ecclesiastical, who being themselves but fallible and uninspired men, have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as such endeavouring to impose them on others, hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world, and through all time; that to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves, is sinful and tyrannical…” – “Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom” 1786

1. Thomas Jefferson: “As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion” – Treaty of Tripoli Article 11 1797
2. James Madison: “[T]he number, the industry, and the morality of the Priesthood, & the devotion of the people have been manifestly increased by the total separation of the Church from the State." - Letter to Robert Walsh, March 2, 1819
3. James Madison: “The members of a Govt as such can in no sense, be regarded as possessing an advisory trust from their Constituents in their religious capacities.” – Journal Entry

• Thomas Jefferson wrote the “Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom” that formally severed ties between the state government of Virginia and the Church of England.
• James Madison wrote “Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments” in 1785, before he wrote the First Amendment, where he wrote in opposition to a proposal by Patrick Henry that all Virginians be taxed to support “teachers of the Christian religion.” To this day it is one of the most detailed writings against the government establishing of a state sponsored religion.

1. Thomas Jeferson and the infamous letter to Danbury Baptist: “...I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should ‘make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,’ thus building a wall of separation between Church & State" - Letter to Danbury Baptists Association 1802
   1. This has been used time and time again to express and confirm this founding father’s position on the Establishment Clause and the Free-Exercise Clause.
   2. This is the one many pastors and political leaders have been quoting saying that this is the origin of this concept of “separation of church and state.” However, it is not the first instance nor is it the only instance that this concept is discussed by our constitutional framers and founders.
2. There are more quotes from these two below in the link I provided as-well-as being easy to find online and other sources.

1. These men didn’t even believe that government should make any form of religious proclamations as well, like calling for national prayer. It could not be more clear.
2. States that had established, state sponsored religions slowly phased this out after adopting the United States Constitution, the last being Massachusetts in 1833.
3. What many historians gather from these men is that they believed that for Religion and Government to both flourish, they must do so on their own. That religion is best suited without government influence, and that government is best suited without religious influence. Religion does inform us, but it should not dictate.

• “The bible is the main inspiration of our founding documents.”
  1. This is not true, while the Bible informed many of our founding fathers in their basis of morality, they sought many secular sources to inform how they wanted our nation to be setup from our founding documents. Including: the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, English Common Law (stemming from Anglo-Saxon principles and ideas that predate Christianized Anglo-Saxon Groups).
  2. The First Amendment, penned by James Madison took inspiration from Thomas Jefferson’s “Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom” which was penned to end the state of Virginia’s state sponsored religious ties to the Church of England, in 1786. It established that no individual could be forced to attend or support any religious institution or suffer penalties for their beliefs. This is a clear indication to Thomas Jefferson’s intent to keep states themselves from establishing a religion within their own state.
• “The ten commandments informed our Bill of Rights and is as foundational as the constitution.” “The Ten Commandments influenced our laws.”
  1. The only similarity here is that there are ten amendments within the Bill of Rights and ten commandments. There is no historic proof that there is any inter-relation there. Just look at them in order and read. “Thou shalt have no other g*ds before me, does not inspire the Establishment or Free Exercise Clause, they are antithetical.
  2. The only commandments we see that are similar to laws that we have are to not kill or steal. There are no laws against children talking back to their parents, being jealous of your neighbors, lying (under most circumstances), or adultery (those phased out). To not kill and to not steal are two very common moral standings of most cultures – regardless of religion.
• “The Bible is the foundation of Western Civilization.”
  1. Rome was founded in 753 B.C. Western civilization was well established before the Christian Bible as we know it was formed in the 5^th Century AD. There were groups and civilizations where influences are still seen today that were not Christianized until much later.
• “The Aitken Bible teaches us a lot about the history of our nation and events during the Revolutionary War.”
  1. The website for The First American Bible, the group that will be providing these $200 Bibles, paid for by donations to them, offers only one lesson plan. That lesson plan is divided into three topics, and only one discusses the Aitken Bible.
  2. The Aitken Bible only has a few paragraphs discussing these events and how it came to be.
  3. The Aitken Bible lost money during production and Congress did not seek to fund it, few copies were made because it was not being purchased.
  4. Senator Bartlett claimed that it could teach students about printing methods at the time, the edition being given is not a replica. It is printed using modern production techniques.
• “This is for educational purposes only, not religious.”
  1. Opinion/Observation: if it was for educational purposes, why are we not also championing the supply of our foundational documents to the same classrooms? The organization behind the bibles “First American Bible” only supply one lesson plan on this specific Bible, yet it cost $200 for one lesson? The notion appears, to me, to be to slowly introduce religion in the classroom and into state government. Going against the very wishes of the men who originated our Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Senator Grady went on to list content standards on the Revolutionary period, including “contributions by western Virginia” to demonstrate how this specific bible could be used to align with state standards. The Bible wasn’t even printed in western Virginia, most of the content standards she listed would apply very loosely.
  2. It is the 250^th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, why are these same lawmakers not trying to make, at least, this document available to teachers to use as supplement and a physical representation of the very document that made us the country that we are today?

• “The term separation of church and state came from one letter by Thomas Jefferson to a congregation.” “The first amendment was to keep the government out of religion, not religion from government.” “The establishment clause was to keep from establishing a National Religion.” “States established their own religions prior to the constitution.” “Separation of church and state is a myth.”
  1. This is incorrect in many ways. Both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison both made countless statements about the need to keep the two entities separate. Whether using this term in full or not, the intent is clear
     1. Thomas Jefferson: “[E]very one must act according to the dictates of his own reason, and mine tells me that civil powers alone have been given to the President of the U.S. and no authority to direct the religious exercises of his constituents.” To Rev. Samuel Miller, January 23, 1808
     2. Thomas Jefferson: “Our civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions…therefore the proscribing any citizen as unworthy the public confidence by laying upon him an incapacity of being called to the offices of trust and emolument, unless he profess or renounce this or that religious opinion, is depriving him injuriously of those privileges and advantages to which in common with his fellow citizens he has a natural right” -“Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom” 1786

• Thomas Jefferson: “…yet chose not to propagate it by coercions on either, as it was in his Almighty power to do; that the impious presumption of legislators and rulers, civil as well as ecclesiastical, who being themselves but fallible and uninspired men, have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as such endeavouring to impose them on others, hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world, and through all time; that to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves, is sinful and tyrannical…” – “Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom” 1786

1. Thomas Jefferson: “As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion” – Treaty of Tripoli Article 11 1797
2. James Madison: “[T]he number, the industry, and the morality of the Priesthood, & the devotion of the people have been manifestly increased by the total separation of the Church from the State." - Letter to Robert Walsh, March 2, 1819
3. James Madison: “The members of a Govt as such can in no sense, be regarded as possessing an advisory trust from their Constituents in their religious capacities.” – Journal Entry

• Thomas Jefferson wrote the “Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom” that formally severed ties between the state government of Virginia and the Church of England.
• James Madison wrote “Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments” in 1785, before he wrote the First Amendment, where he wrote in opposition to a proposal by Patrick Henry that all Virginians be taxed to support “teachers of the Christian religion.” To this day it is one of the most detailed writings against the government establishing of a state sponsored religion.

1. Thomas Jeferson and the infamous letter to Danbury Baptist: “...I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should ‘make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,’ thus building a wall of separation between Church & State" - Letter to Danbury Baptists Association 1802
   1. This has been used time and time again to express and confirm this founding father’s position on the Establishment Clause and the Free-Exercise Clause.
   2. This is the one many pastors and political leaders have been quoting saying that this is the origin of this concept of “separation of church and state.” However, it is not the first instance nor is it the only instance that this concept is discussed by our constitutional framers and founders.
2. There are more quotes from these two below in the link I provided as-well-as being easy to find online and other sources.

1. These men didn’t even believe that government should make any form of religious proclamations as well, like calling for national prayer. It could not be more clear.
2. States that had established, state sponsored religions slowly phased this out after adopting the United States Constitution, the last being Massachusetts in 1833.
3. What many historians gather from these men is that they believed that for Religion and Government to both flourish, they must do so on their own. That religion is best suited without government influence, and that government is best suited without religious influence. Religion does inform us, but it should not dictate.

• “The bible is the main inspiration of our founding documents.”
  1. This is not true, while the Bible informed many of our founding fathers in their basis of morality, they sought many secular sources to inform how they wanted our nation to be setup from our founding documents. Including: the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, English Common Law (stemming from Anglo-Saxon principles and ideas that predate Christianized Anglo-Saxon Groups).
  2. The First Amendment, penned by James Madison took inspiration from Thomas Jefferson’s “Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom” which was penned to end the state of Virginia’s state sponsored religious ties to the Church of England, in 1786. It established that no individual could be forced to attend or support any religious institution or suffer penalties for their beliefs. This is a clear indication to Thomas Jefferson’s intent to keep states themselves from establishing a religion within their own state.
• “The ten commandments informed our Bill of Rights and is as foundational as the constitution.” “The Ten Commandments influenced our laws.”
  1. The only similarity here is that there are ten amendments within the Bill of Rights and ten commandments. There is no historic proof that there is any inter-relation there. Just look at them in order and read. “Thou shalt have no other g*ds before me, does not inspire the Establishment or Free Exercise Clause, they are antithetical.
  2. The only commandments we see that are similar to laws that we have are to not kill or steal. There are no laws against children talking back to their parents, being jealous of your neighbors, lying (under most circumstances), or adultery (those phased out). To not kill and to not steal are two very common moral standings of most cultures – regardless of religion.
• “The Bible is the foundation of Western Civilization.”
  1. Rome was founded in 753 B.C. Western civilization was well established before the Christian Bible as we know it was formed in the 5^th Century AD. There were groups and civilizations where influences are still seen today that were not Christianized until much later.
• “The Aitken Bible teaches us a lot about the history of our nation and events during the Revolutionary War.”
  1. The website for The First American Bible, the group that will be providing these $200 Bibles, paid for by donations to them, offers only one lesson plan. That lesson plan is divided into three topics, and only one discusses the Aitken Bible.
  2. The Aitken Bible only has a few paragraphs discussing these events and how it came to be.
  3. The Aitken Bible lost money during production and Congress did not seek to fund it, few copies were made because it was not being purchased.
  4. Senator Bartlett claimed that it could teach students about printing methods at the time, the edition being given is not a replica. It is printed using modern production techniques.
• “This is for educational purposes only, not religious.”
  1. Opinion/Observation: if it was for educational purposes, why are we not also championing the supply of our foundational documents to the same classrooms? The organization behind the bibles “First American Bible” only supply one lesson plan on this specific Bible, yet it cost $200 for one lesson? The notion appears, to me, to be to slowly introduce religion in the classroom and into state government. Going against the very wishes of the men who originated our Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Senator Grady went on to list content standards on the Revolutionary period, including “contributions by western Virginia” to demonstrate how this specific bible could be used to align with state standards. The Bible wasn’t even printed in western Virginia, most of the content standards she listed would apply very loosely.
  2. It is the 250^th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, why are these same lawmakers not trying to make, at least, this document available to teachers to use as supplement and a physical representation of the very document that made us the country that we are today?

“I strongly support this bill to align the school calendar with a start date of the Tuesday after Labor Day and an end date of the Friday before Memorial Day. This schedule provides consistency and predictability for families, educators, and communities across the state.

Beginning school after Labor Day allows students and teachers to start the year well-rested and prepared, leading to stronger engagement and smoother transitions at the start of the academic year. Ending before Memorial Day helps reduce instructional disruptions caused by late-spring fatigue and improves attendance during the final weeks of school.

This calendar also benefits working families by offering clearer planning for childcare and summer employment, supports local economies that rely on summer tourism, and promotes a healthier balance between instructional time and student well-being. Overall, this change would create a more effective, family-friendly, and student-centered school year.

1. As a paraprofessional, this bill should definitely be passed! Students are struggling when expected to go 180 and when we have all these snow days, it just makes it worse. We shouldn’t be held accountable for things out of our control. Let’s go back to the way it was. We don’t need all these weeks off during the school year!! Let’s pass this bill of the sake of our students!!

I believe This bill will be absolutely helpful. If we could pass this bill and Eliminate the spring breaks that we in Wv always get when weather is still bad, we would be able to have the 160 days instructional days, as well as Pl days w staff to to be able to do better by our students and schools.

1. Firefighters are 102% more likely to develop testicular cancer than the general population.*
2. Firefighters are 53% more likely to develop multiple myeloma than the general population. *
3. Firefighters are 62% more likely to develop cancer of the oesophagus than the general population.**
4. Firefighters are 21% more likely to develop intestinal cancer than the general population.**
5. Firefighters are 26% more likely to develop breast cancer than the general population**

• Personal property taxation by counties (WV Code §11-6-1 et seq.);
• Annual vehicle registration fees (WV Code §17A-3-2);
• Mandatory insurance requirements (WV Code §17D-2A-3);
• State inspection/NVI requirements (WV Code §17C-16-1);
• Sales and use taxes at purchase (WV Code §11-15-3).

• a flat rate of $0.205 per gallon, plus
• a variable component tied to wholesale price (with minimums/limits).  

• maintain roads/bridges,
• plow and treat roads during winter,
• repair slides/flood damage,
• keep equipment running,
• and meet debt and matching obligations.

• reduce road maintenance operations,
• limit equipment purchase/maintenance,
• reduce contracted work (hurting WV’s economy),
• create harsh-winter funding tradeoffs (snow/ice operations consuming resources and leaving insufficient repair funds later),
• threaten debt service,
• and threaten the ability to fully match the federal highway program.  

• general revenue (competing with schools, public health, and other needs),
• higher registration/DMV fees, or
• local taxes/bonds (hardest on rural counties).

1. a verified fiscal note for this specific repeal, and
2. a replacement revenue plan that maintains State Road Fund stability and preserves federal match capacity—without regressive cost-shifting to counties and working families.

• Reputation of a property
• Volume of police calls
• Allegations or community complaints

• Daily civil fines (up to $1,000 per day)
• Escrow of rent
• Property liens
• License suspension
• Contempt penalties up to $75,000 or incarceration

• Explicitly protect lawful medical cannabis patients from status-based firearm prohibitions
• Require proof of actual impairment, not metabolite presence
• Prevent discriminatory enforcement based on medical treatment

• acknowledge receipt,
• narrow the gate,
• claim jurisdiction limits,
• end communication,
• shift all burden onto the citizen.

• W. Va. Code §29B-1-3 (FOIA) — cited to argue FOIA is for inspection/copying of records and that a request must be made to the custodian with “reasonable specificity,” and that questions about oversight mechanisms are not FOIA requests.  
• W. Va. Code §6B-2-5 and W. Va. Code §6B-2B-1 (Ethics Act “code of conduct” provisions) — cited to assert the Ethics Commission’s jurisdiction is limited and to direct complainants to file an Ethics Act complaint alleging violations within those provisions.  

• It shifts power to the better-funded party (often an employer, institution, or government entity).
• It increases the likelihood of delay, procedural hurdles, and cost pressure.
• It makes enforcement of civil rights depend on whether a complainant can endure full court litigation—effectively turning rights into pay-to-access remedies.

• WVU maintained and renewed international partnerships with foreign universities and energy entities during the same years it cited financial crisis to justify domestic program cuts
• These agreements covered energy research, language instruction, and international exchanges
• Senior leadership approved or renewed these agreements while domestic language, culture, and DEI programs were eliminated

• Environmental monitoring gaps
• Public health risks
• Energy and infrastructure funding transparency
• Agency refusal to exercise jurisdiction despite acknowledging complaints

• First Amendment protections (speech, academic freedom, association)
• Equal protection, particularly for communities not aligned with state-preferred cultural or moral frameworks

• Does not establish withdrawal limits,
• Does not require corrective action when over-withdrawal occurs,
• Does not trigger enforcement, penalties, or permit suspension,
• Does not require public disclosure in accessible formats.

• industrial expansion,
• large-scale infrastructure projects,
• data centers and energy-intensive development.

• Prioritizes commercial and industrial extraction in growth zones,
• Provides less protection for rural and environmental justice communities outside those counties,
• Treats groundwater as an economic input rather than a shared public resource.

• PFAS contamination,
• disinfection byproducts (TTHMs/HAAs),
• chromium-6,
• nitrate loading,
• cumulative or chronic exposure risks.

• notice to residents whose wells or aquifers may be affected,
• public posting of extraction data,
• FOIA-ready or machine-readable reporting formats,
• disclosure of enforcement actions or violations.

• long-term aquifer sustainability,
• protection of private wells,
• intergenerational equity,
• or meaningful public participation.

• enforceable withdrawal limits,
• mandatory public disclosure,
• health-based standards,
• cumulative impact analysis,
• and clear enforcement triggers.

• A fiscal impact analysis showing long-term healthcare savings
• Evidence that gym membership deductions reduce state healthcare costs
• Safeguards to prevent revenue loss during an already constrained state budget

• Broad, income-neutral health credits
• Investments in community recreation infrastructure
• Expanded access to preventive healthcare and rural wellness programs

• Secondary sources (treatises, law review articles, academic texts) are persuasive only
• They are not binding law

• West Virginia common law
• Longstanding judicial practice
• Separation-of-powers doctrine

• Chill enforcement of federal constitutional rights
• Invite litigation challenging WV court compliance with federal precedent
• Increase reversals by federal courts

• Due process (U.S. Const. amend. XIV; W. Va. Const. art. III, §10)
• Equal protection (U.S. Const. amend. XIV; W. Va. Const. art. III, §17)
• Religious freedom and establishment (U.S. Const. amend. I; W. Va. Const. art. III, §15)

• Judicial reasoning
• Historical context
• Scholarly interpretation
• Prior case law synthesis

• Certification procedures already exist under court rules and practice
• Courts already have discretion to seek appellate clarification
• No evidence is presented that current mechanisms are insufficient

• Civil rights claims
• Disability protections
• Medical autonomy
• Equal protection challenges
• Minority and marginalized community cases

• W. Va. Const. art. VIII (Judicial Department)
• Longstanding common-law principles